Nacos architecture

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Basic Architecture and Concepts

Service

A software function or a set of software functions (such as the retrieval of specified information or the execution of a set of operations) with the purpose that different clients can be reused for different purposes (for example, through a cross-process network call). Nacos supports almost all types of services: Kubernetes Service

gRPC | Dubbo RPC Service

Spring Cloud RESTful Service

Service Registry

The database of services, instances and metadata. Service instances are registered with the service registry on startup and deregistered on shutdown. Clients of the service and/or routers query the service registry to find the available instances of a service. A service registry might invoke a service instances health check API to verify that it is able to handle requests.

Service Metadata

Data describing services such as service endpoints, service labels, service version, service instance weights, routing rules, security policies.

Service Provider

A process or application which provides reusable and callable services.

Service Consumer

A process or application which initiates a call to a service.

Configuration

During system development, developers usually extract some parameters or variables that need to be changed from the code and manage them in a separate configuration file. This enables the static system artifacts or deliverables (such as WAR and JAR packages) to fit with the physical operating environment in a better way. Configuration management is generally a part of system deployment, which is executed by the administrator or operation and maintenance personnel. Configuration modification is an effective method to adjust the behavior of a running system.

Configuration Management

In the data center, all configuration-related activities such as editing, storage, distribution, change management, history version management, and change audit are collectively referred to as configuration management.

Naming Service

Mapping the “names” of all the objects and entities in the distributed system to the associated metadata, for example, ServiceName -> Endpoints\Version etc..., Distributed Lock Name -> Lock Owner/Status Info, DNS Domain Name -> IP List. Service discovery and DNS are the two major scenarios of naming service.

Configuration Service

Providing dynamic configuration, service metadata and configuration management for other services or application.

More concepts…

Introduction to logical architecture and its components

Service Management: Implement services CRUD, domain name CRUD, service health check, service weight management, etc.
Configuration Management: Implement configuration CRUD, version management, grayscale management, monitoring management, push trajectory, aggregate data, etc.
Metadata Management: Provides metadata CURD and marking capabilities
Plug-in mechanism: implements three modules to share the ability to implement the extended point SPI mechanism
Event mechanism: implement asynchronous event notification, sdk data change asynchronous notification and other logic
Log module: Manage log classification, log level, log portability (especially to avoid conflicts), log format, exception code + help documentation
Callback mechanism: sdk informs the data and calls back user processing through a unified mode. Interface and data structures need to be scalable
Addressing mode: solve various addressing modes such as ip, domain name, nameserver, broadcast, etc., need to be expandable
Push channel: solve the push performance problem between server and storage, server, server and sdk
Capacity management: manage each tenant, the capacity under the group, prevent the storage from being blasted, affecting service availability
Traffic management: control the request frequency, the number of long links, the size of the message, and request flow control according to multiple dimensions such as tenant and group.
Caching mechanism: disaster recovery directory, local cache, server cache mechanism. Disaster recovery catalogue requires tools
Startup mode: Start different programs + UI according to stand-alone mode, configuration mode, service mode, dns mode, or all mode
Consistency Protocol: Resolve different data, different consistency requirements, different consistency mechanisms
Storage module: solve data persistence, non-persistent storage, solve data fragmentation problem
Nameserver: Resolve the routing problem from namespace to clusterid, solve the mapping problem between user environment and nacos physical environment
CMDB: Solve the metadata storage, docking problems with the three-party cmdb system, solving applications, people, resource relationships
Metrics: Exposes standard metrics data for easy access to three-way monitoring systems
Trace: Exposure standard trace, easy to open with SLA system, log whitening, push trajectory, etc., and can be connected with metering and billing system
Access management: equivalent to Ali cloud service, assign identity, capacity, authority process
User Management: Resolve issues such as user management, login, sso, etc.
Rights Management: Resolve issues such as identity, access control, role management, etc.
Audit system: extended interface facilitates access to different company audit systems
Notification system: Core data changes, or operations, facilitated through the SMS system, notify the corresponding person data changes
OpenAPI: exposes the standard Rest style HTTP interface, easy to use, and easy for multi-language integration
Console: easy to use console, do service management, configuration management, etc.
SDK: Multilingual sdk
Agent: dns-f similar mode, or integration with mesh and other programs
CLI: Lightweight management of the product on the command line, as easy as git

Domain Model

Data Model

The Nacos data model Key is uniquely determined by the triplet. The Namespace defaults to an empty string, the public namespace (public), and the group defaults to DEFAULT_GROUP.

nacos_data_model

Service Entity Relationship Model

nacos_naming_data_model

Config Entity Relationship Model

Around the configuration, there are mainly two associated entities, one is the configuration change history, and the other is the service tag (used for marking classification, convenient for indexing), which is associated by ID.

nacos_config_er

Class view

Nacos-SDK Class view

// TODO Service part to be continued

nacos_sdk_class_relation

Artifacts, Deployment, and Start Mode

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Two Artifacts

Nacos supports both standard Docker images (v0.2.0) and nacos-.zip(tar.gz). You can choose the appropriate build to deploy the Nacos service according to your needs.

Two Start Modes

Nacos supports two start modes. you can merging the Service Registry and the Config Center in one process or deploying them in separately cluster.

Free Public Cloud Service on Alibaba Cloud

In addition to deploying and launching Nacos services by users themselves, Nacos also supports public cloud. Nacos public cloud service will be free in Alibaba Cloud’s commercial service (such as MSE, EDAS). We also welcome other public cloud providers to offer Nacos public cloud services.